Resources
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Designing the Liquid-Nitrogen Injection Rakes for the European Transonic Windtunnel Project
Ian Glendinning
Article from Heat Engineering magazine, back in 1993. Static and transient stress and thermal analysis performed in ANSYS 4.4a.
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Developing The Basis For Target Injection And Tracking In Inertial Fusion Energy Power Plants
D.T. Goodin, C.R. Gibson, R.W. Petzoldt, N.P. Siegel, L. Thompson, A. Nobile, G.E. Besenbruch, K.R.
The use of ANSYS's thermal and CFD capabilities to analyze the target injection and tracking of an Inertial Fusion Energy power plant
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Development of CAD Model for MEMS Micropumps [PDF]
M. Arik, S. M. Zurn, A. Bar-Cohen, Y. Nam, D. Markus, and D. Polla
Use of ANSYS in modal and harmonic analysis of micropumps (PZT cantilever beams). (MEMS)
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Wei Tan (Georgia Institute of Technology)
"The effect of PWB warpage on the low cycle fatigue of the solder bumps on board assemblies was investigated using FEM and experimental study. The three- dimensional (3-D) models of PWBAs with varying board warpage were used to estimate the solder bump fatigue life for different types of plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages mounted on PWBs. In order to improve the accuracy of FE results, the projection moiré technique was used to measure the initial warpage of PWBs, and this warpage was used as a geometric input to the FEM. Both Sn-Pb and lead-free solder materials were used in this study. The simulation results were validated and correlated with the experimental results obtained using the projection moiré system and accelerated thermal cycling tests. Design of experiments and an advanced prediction model were generated to predict board level solder bump fatigue life based on the initial PWB warpage, package dimensions and locations, and solder bump materials."
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Different Methods of Connecting Parts Together [PDF]
Sean Harvey (CSI)
Connecting Parts - A study of Continuous Mesh versus Bonded Contact versus Constraint Equations.
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Peter H. Titus
"ANSYS has been used to compute eddy current loads in C-Mod antenna components due to a disruption. The antennas are on the outbuard mid-plane, away from the direct involvement with halo currents, which characterize loading in the inner divertor and wall. Only inductively driven currents are computed. A rather complex but manageable electromagnetic model is used. Three of the antennas used in C-Mod were analyzed, Lower Hybrid, ICRH, and MHD antennas. The goal of these simulations was principally to quantify upper bound disruption loads."
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Paris Altidis (Borg Warner)
Zip file containing two example macros of applying distributed pressures.
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Sheldon Imaoka (ANSYS, Inc.)
"The Drucker-Prager material model is used for pressure-dependent inelastic behavior of materials such as soils, rock, concrete, and powder. Because ANSYS offers three different Drucker-Prager constitutive models, this memo hopes to provide a comparison of the available options."
(Week 44, week of 03/16/08) -
Dynamic FEA and Simulation for A Series of Blast-Resist-door
Lu Xinzheng and Jiang Jianjing
"A series of blast-resist-door were used widely. In order to know the behavior of the doors under blast load and verify the safety of the doors, dynamic finite element analysis and simulation are carried out with advanced FEA software, ANSYS/LS-DYNA and SAP. Contact surfaces are introduced to simulate the relation between the door leaf and doorframe, as well as the relation between the door hinges and bearings. Altogether 24 different load cases are analyzed to simulate various load conditions."
[ANSYS LS-DYNA, version unspecified] -
F. Kirsch, B. Plaßmann, T. Huch, W. Rodatz
"In April 1999 the construction of a new quay wall in the port of Hamburg started. In a first stage two new berths with an overall length of 1400 m will be built. In order to proof the bearing capacity of the foundation dynamic pile testing is performed to a great extent. To date more than thirty different piles were tested by the Institute for Foundation Engineering and Soil Mechanics of the Technical University of Braunschweig. In order to check for possible set-up effects redriven tests were performed. For comparison reasons static load tests were also carried out, one of which was done with an instrumented pile to allow skin friction and end bearing to be evaluated separately. The CAPWAP results proofed to be very helpful especially in those cases where the testing situation differed from the later service condition. Special questions called for detailed finite element analysis of the load-settlement behaviour of single piles in certain construction stages."
Although ANSYS is not explicitly mentioned, F. Kirsch also used ANSYS in two related papers, Stability of the vault developing over Soilcrete bodies and Ground Improvement and Its Numerical Analysis. -
Economic Method for the Collection of Complex Materials Data for the Design of Microsystems [PDF]
Jürgen Wilde, Markus Thoben, Klaus Becker
Use of Anand model.
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Effect of Package Design and Layout on BGA Solder Joint Reliability of an Organic C4 Package
Biju Chandran, Deepak Goyal, and Jeffrey Thomas
"Ball Grid Array (BGA) is currently the interconnect of choice for attaching microprocessors on a printed circuit board (PCB). The reliability of solder joints is one of the critical issues in BGA surface mount technology (SMT). During reliability testing, BGA fatigue failures were observed on test vehicles (TV). Finite element analysis and physical failure analysis were used to determine the risk to the product in the field. As part of this effort, parametric finite element analysis was carried out to determine the effect of design features like the package size, and BGA pattern on the propensity of fatigue failure. The results of the finite element analysis and physical failure analysis showed that the risk to fatigue failure was much greater on a peripheral / partial grid array package than in a full grid array package."
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Effect of Simulation Methodology on Solder Joint Crack Growth Correlation
Robert Darveaux
"A generalized solder joint fatigue life model for surface mount packages was previously published in Refs [1,2]. The model is based on correlation to measured crack growth data on BGA joints during thermal cycling. It was subsequently discovered by Anderson et.al. that the ANSYS TM 5.2 finite element code used in the model had an error in its method for calculating plastic work [3]. It was shown that significant error in life prediction could result by using a recent version of the code where the bug has been fixed. The error comes about since the original crack growth constants were derived based on plastic work calculations that had the bug.
In this paper, crack initiation and growth constants are re-calculated using ANSYS 5.6. In addition, several other model related issues are explored with respect to the crack growth correlations. For example, 3D slice models were compared to quarter symmetry models. Anand’s constitutive model was compared with Darveaux’s constitutive model. It was shown that the crack growth rate dependence on strain energy density always had an exponent of 1.10 +/- 0.15. This is in the range of the original correlation, so the accuracy of relative predictions should still be within +/- 25%. However, the accuracy of absolute predictions could be off by a factor of 7 in the worst case, if the analyst uses a modeling procedure that is not consistent with that used for the crack growth correlation. The key to good accuracy is to maintain consistency in the modeling procedure." -
Effects of Nonlinear Geometric and Material Properties on the Seismic Response of Fluid/Tank Systems
He Liu, Daniel H. Schubert
"To explore the effects large deformation and nonlinear material properties have on the seismic response of fluid/tank systems, the computer program ANSYS was selected to develop a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model of a ground level, cylindrical steel shell and roof tank structure with contained fluid under seismic load. The ANSYS program was selected for its ability to include shell and structural steel elements, contained fluid elements, fluid-structure interactions, material and geometric nonlinearities, and contact type elements. For purposes of this study, analysis results from a linear elastic, small deformation fixed base model are compared with an elasto-plastic material property model with large deformation assumptions. Results show the significant difference in results based on the assumptions used and indicate that current design code based values may not be conservative in resultant loading calculations."
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Sheldon Imaoka (ANSYS, Inc.)
Short explanation of what elastic foundation stiffness (SURF154) is and how to calculate the resulting stiffness for non-planar cases. In Workbench Mechanical, this feature is referred to as an "Elastic Support".
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Electromagnetic, Thermal, and Structural Analysis of RF Cavities Using ANSYS
N. Hartman, R. A. Rimmer
"We report on techniques developed for producing electromagnetic, thermal, and structural solutions to RF cavity design problems in ANSYS, using one model. Methods for preparing imported geometry from solid modeling programs are discussed, and meshing techniques are suggested. A study of mesh density is presented, comparing mesh size with heat flux and Q factor convergence. The general analysis protocol is presented in a stepwise fashion, describing the macros that are used for conducting RF calculations. Finally, these techniques are applied to a proposed RF cavity for the NLC damping rings, which is shown as an example."
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Electromechanical Transducer Element for MEMS Analysis in ANSYS [PDF]
Miklos Gyimesi, Dale Ostergaard
Presented at MSM 1999. (MEMS)
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Electromechanical analysis of micromechanical SOI-fabricated RF resonators
T. Lamminmaki, K. Ruokonen, I. Tittonen, T. Mattila, O. Jaakkola, A. Oja, H. Seppa, P. Seppala, and
"In this paper, finite element method (FEM) simulations are used to model mechanical properties of MEMS resonators. Using a static displacement analysis the effective spring constant and mass are calculated. Nonlinearity of the mechanical restoring force is simulated to analyze large amplitude behavior of the resonator."
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Element for Modelling of Interaction Between Foundations and Bedrock in ANSYS Software
Radim Cajka, Ondrej Víta
"Ansys provides standard solutions to contact tasks. It is a high-performing computing tool that offers several modifications, making it possible to create a new element and adjust the calculation to individual requirements. When dealing with specific problems relating to the contact between the foundation and the foundation soil, it is possible to create an element that will take into account the behaviour of a soil layer under the foundation exposed to shear. The shearing load can be caused by undermining, concrete creep, or concrete shrinkage."
Example of user-defined element (older USER100-105)
[ANSYS Nonlinear, version 5.7.1] -
Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head
William D. O’Brien, Jr. and Yuhui Liu
"The overall goal has been to develop an acoustic wave propagation model using well-understood and documented computational techniques that track and quantify an air-borne incident acoustic wave propagated around, into and in the human head. This model serves as a computational tool to elucidate the acoustic wave propagation around, into and in the human head. Specifically, the model determines two features: (1) alternate acoustic propagation paths to the cochlear shell that exist besides the normal air-borne acoustic propagation path (eardrum-ossical path) through the auditory canal and (2) sound pressure amplitude in the cochlear shell (relative to the air-borne sound pressure amplitude) via the alternate propagation paths. A 3D finite-element solid mesh was constructed using a digital image database of an adult male head. Coupled acoustic-mechanical finite-element analysis (FEA) was used to model the wave propagation through the fluid-solid-fluid media."
[ANSYS Acoustics, version 6.1] -
Example harmonic analysis using the large mass method [PDF]
David Haberman (CSI)
Step-by-step instructions on performing an example harmonic analysis using the large mass method.
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FE Analysis of ATLAS: End Cap Support Structure - PSD Spectrum Analysis
C.J.Nelson
"This report investigates the effect of a PSD (Power Spectral Density) random input load on an early FE model of the ATLAS EndCap Support Structure. Statistical predictions of the maximum displacement are presented."[ANSYS Structural, version 5.3]
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Juan Carlos Lancha (OHL, S.A.)
From the author:
"These small APDL macros perform Fourier transforms (FFT and DFT) of discrete signals. This procedure decomposes a time domain signal into a sum of harmonic (frequency domain) signals. It’s a useful APDL tool when dealing with dynamic and harmonic problems in ANSYS."
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Th. Kermanidis, G. Labeas, K.I. Tserpes and Sp. Pantelakis
A three-dimensional progressive damage model was developed in order to simulate the damage accumulation of bolted single-lap composite joints under in-plane tensile loading. This model is capable of predicting the residual strength and residual stiffness of laminates with arbitrary lay-ups, geometries and bolt positions. The parametric study includes stress analysis, failure analysis and material property degradation. Stress analysis of the three-dimensional geometry was performed using the ANSYS FE code. Failure analysis and degradation of material properties were implemented using a progressive damage model, which is incorporated in an ANSYS macro-routine. The progressive model utilizes a set of stress-based Hashin-type criteria and a set of appropriate degradation rules. A parametric study was performed to examine the effect of bolt position and friction upon residual strength and damage accumulation.
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FLOTRAN Chills Out Hot Aerospace Electronics
Mark Troscinski, Jiang Guangnan, Zhang Minyi
Examples of use of Flotran for electronics applications.
From ANSYS Solutions, Vol. 4 Number 2. -
Fast Nonlinear Transient Thermal Solver [PDF]
(ANSYS, Inc.)
Information on the fast nonlinear thermal solution method (THOPT), beta in 5.6 and documented in 5.7
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Riccardo Testi (Piaggio & C. spa)
A comparison of fatigue codes — LMS Virtual.Lab (Durability), FEMFAT, and MSC.Fatigue — for use with ANSYS
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Finite Deformations Of An Earthworm Segment
H. Kunz
Use of Mooney-Rivlin model.
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Finite Element Analysis Of Crowning Sealing Caps
Henri Champliaud, L Van Ngan
"Metal closures, with an integrated gasket, are widely used in the food industry to ensure the sealing of the glass bottles by setting. The success of this bottle-capping is due to the relevant choice of the variables in the manufacturing process. Actually, the effects of the various variables of the process are not precisely understood."
"In this paper, the leakage pressure of an assembly, with given parameters of a standard setting operation is predicted. The study is concentrated firstly on the simulation of setting the cap on the bottle, and secondly, on the global distribution of the efforts of contact on the gasket according to the internal pressure. Finally, the leakage pressure of the assembly is determined using practical tests that relate the leakage pressure with the global force exerted on the gasket."
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Finite Element Analysis Of Plasticity-Induced Crack Closure For Inclined Cracks
L. W. Wei and M. N. James
"The contact occurring in inclined cracks is a general contact problem, and thus a general contact analysis must be implemented in which a combined load and displacement control procedure is used. The commercial FE code ANSYS 5.4 used in this work provides the utilities to deal with general contact problems."
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Tan Kok Wai, Alex and Anand Asundi
Use of SOLID46 element.
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Finite Element Analysis at Mannesmann VDO Fuel Systems [PDF]
Zlatko Penzar
Finite Element Analysis at Mannesmann VDO Fuel Systems - ppt presentation
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Finite Element Analysis for Solder Ball Connect (SBC) Structural Design Optimization
J.S. Corbin
"Solder Ball Connect (SBC) is a second-level surface mount electronics packaging technology in which ceramic modules containing one or more chips are joined to a circuit card (FR-4) by means of an array of nonhomogeneous solder columns. These columns consist of a high-temperature-melting 90%Pb/lO%Sn solder sphere attached to the module and card with eutectic solder fillets. The solder structures accommodate the bulk of the strain (which is due to the thermal- expansion mismatch between FR-4 and the 9211 ceramic of the modules) generated during power cycling. If the solder structures are not properly designed, the thermal strain can be a source of premature fatigue failure. In this work, finite element analysis is used to characterize the plastic strains that develop in the SBC interconnection during thermal cycling. Since plastic strain is a dominant parameter that influences low-cycle fatigue, it is used as a basis of comparison for various structural alternatives. Designed experiment techniques are used to systematically evaluate the thermal strain sensitivity to structural variables. Results are used to identify an optimally reliable structure that is robust in terms of assembly-process variables."
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Finite Element Based Reduced Order Modeling of MEMS [PDF]
Dale Ostergaard, Miklos Gyimesi
Presented at MSM 2000. (MEMS)
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Bret Zahn
"Viscoplastic finite-element simulation methodologies were utilized to predict solder joint reliability for a same die size, stacked, chip scale, ball grid array package under accelerated temperature cycling conditions (-40C to +125C, 15min ramps/15min dwells). The effects of multiple die attach material configurations were investigated along with the thickness of the mold cap and spacer die. The solder structures accommodate the bulk of the plastic strain that is generated during accelerated temperature cycling due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the various materials that encompass the stacked die package. Since plastic strain is a dominant parameter that influences low-cycle fatigue, it was used as a basis for evaluation of solder joint structural integrity. The paper discusses the analysis methodologies as implemented in the ANSYS finite element simulation software tool and the corresponding results for the solder joint fatigue life. Some ANSYS parametric design language commands are included for the benefit of those readers who are familiar with the tool."
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Wilhelm Rust
"After discussing general properties of implicit Finite Element analysis using ANSYS and explicit analysis using LS-DYNA it is shown when and how quasi-static limit load analyses can be performed by a transient analysis using explicit time integration. Then we focus on the remaining benefits of implicit analysis and how a proper combination of ANSYS and LS-DYNA can be used to prepare the transient analysis by common preprocessing and static analysis steps. Aspects of discretization, solution control, consideration of imperfections and methods of checking the results are outlined."[ANSYS LS-DYNA, Nonlinear, version unspecified]
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Finite Element Method Analysis Of Non-Linear Behaviour Of Implants And Stents [PDF]
J. Awrejcewicz, M. Ciach, K. Wlodarczyk
Example of using ANSYS for stent application (Mooney-Rivlin and kinematic hardening plasticity).
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Finite Element Modeling of Capacitor Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers
Yongrae Roh and Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub
"A finite element model of cMUTs is constructed using the commercial code ANSYS. The complex load impedance seen by individual cells is compared with the plane wave real impedance seen by a parallel combination of the cells to make a transducer. The result shows the origin and level of crosstalk between array elements, with evidence of coupling through Stoneley and Lamb waves." (acoustics)
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Finite Element Modeling of Elastic Modulus in Ductile Irons: Effect of Graphite Morphology
S.H. Pundale, R.J. Rogers, G.R. Nadkarni
"This investigation is the first to deal with the modeling and prediction of effective elastic modulus of ductile irons using finite elements. Both plane stress and axisymmetric formulations were used to predict elastic moduli. With finite elements, it is possible to include microstructural parameters that are extremely difficult or impossible to model analytically. Assuming that the graphite nodules act as voids, the effective elastic modulus was modeled by considering the effect of small strains for nodule variables of volume fraction, shape, size and distribution. (No matrix variables have been considered.)"
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Jeffrey Skinner, Jr.
"Elastic-plastic finite element analyses were performed to predict the crack opening level profiles in semi-elliptical surface cracks."